Chap 8 + Chap 11.5 Grading Key 

Assigned 4/20/05 Due 4/27/05  Returned 5/4/05

8.6 STRESS 
(A) Risks and risk ratio
R₁ = 76 / 122 � 100 = 12.48 per 100
R₀ = 44 / 487 � 100 = 9.03 per 100

(B) 
1. _____ RR = 12.48 per 100 / 9.03 per 100 = 1.38
2. _____ Interpretation: High-catecholamines are associated with a 38% increase in risk. 

(C) 
3. _____ RD = 12.48 per 100 - 9.03 per 100 = 3.45 per 100
4. _____ Interpretation: High-catecholamine level is associated with an additional 13.10 cases per 100

5. _____ (D) The RD quantifies the excess number of cases per m exposures.

8.8 GOLDBERGER

R₁ = 47 / 451 � 100 = 10.42 per 100
R₀ = 2 / 127 � 100 = 1.57 per 100
6. _____ RR = 10.42 per 100 / 1.57 per 100 = 6.64
7. _____ RD = 10.42 per 100 - 1.57 per 100 = 8.85 per 100
8. _____ Using the relation between RD and RR, RD = R₀ � (RR - 1) = 1.57 per 100 � (6.64 - 1) = 8.85 per 100

11.4  
9. _____ OR = (53  � 85) / (53  � 43) = 1.98 @ 2.0. 
10. _____ Interpretation: Eating fried or grilled meat weekly doubled the risk of pancreatic cancer in this source population. (Equivalently, there was a 100% increase in the rate.)