Ideas: measurement types (quantitative, ordinal, categorical), measurement validity, data structure (variables, values, observations), sampling (including SRS), probability, the binomial distribution, Normal distribution, the sampling distribution of a mean, the sampling distribution of a proportion.
Descriptive and exploratory methods: stemplot, frequency tables, mean and standard deviation (descriptive statistics), 5 point summaries, boxplots
Inferential techniques:
Unit | EDA | Parameter | Point estimate | Standard Error (SE) | Null hypothesis |
5 & 6: Single mean, s not known | Stemplot | � | SE = s / n | H0: � = �0 | |
5 & 6: Inference about a mean, s not known | Stemplot | � | se = s / n | H0: � = �0 | |
7: Paired samples, mean difference |
Stemplot DELTA |
�d | d | sed = sd / nd | H0: �d = 0 |
8: Independent samples, mean dif. |
various |
�1 - �2 | 1 - 2 | sexbar1-xabar2
= [s�p(1/n1+1/n2)] |
H0: �1 = �2 |
9: Inference about a proportion | X of n | p | Use plus-four method | H0: p = p0 | |
9.5: Comparison of proportions | X1
of n1 and X2 of n2 |
p1 - p2 | 1 - 2 | Use plus-four method | H0: p1= p2 |
Confidence interval formula: (point estimate) � (z or t)(SE)
Test statistic formula: zstat or tstat = (point estimate) / SE