Chapter 10 Notes and Review Questions (MAJOR DISEASES)
[Last update 4/4/04]
Hales, D. (2004). Chapter 10: Lowering Your Risk of
Major Diseases In An Invitation to Health (3 ed.) (pp. 241 - 270). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Review Questions
- T/F: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S..
- T/F: Cancers are the second leading cause of death in the U.S.
- T/F: Cardiovascular disease rates have increased over the past 50 years.
- T/F: Cancer rates have increased over the past 50 years.
- T/F: Activities and events in childhood determine your cardiovascular disease and cancer
risks later in life.
- What specifically happens during a heart attack?
- What is the technical name for a heart attack?
- T/F: Lifestyle activities (e.g., walking, gardening, cleaning) are effective in reducing
cardiovascular disease risk.
- Which of the following dietary factors reduce the risk of heart disease?
[select all that apply] (a) low-fat diets (b)
high protein diets (c) some antioxidant vitamins
- Which of the following factors are associated with a high risk of heart disease? Select ALL that apply.
(a) physical inactivity (b) hypertension (c) hyperlipidemia (d) high HDL (e) high LDL (f) overweight
(g) diabetes mellitus (h) hostility (i) African American ethnicity (j) heredity (k) age (l) male sex
- T/F: Young adults should have your blood pressure checked regularly.
- M/C: What is an ideal blood pressure level? (Systolic blood pressure is listed first.) (a) 120/80 (b)
130/80 (c) 140/80 (d) 140/90.
- T/F: Besides heart and vascular disease, high blood pressure causes kidney problems.
- List effective strategies for improving heart and vascular health. (p. 248)
- T/F: Cancer is caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of transformed (abnormal) cells.
- Matching.
Terms: neoplasm, metastasis, benign tumor, malignant tumor, infiltration.
Definitions:
To spread to other parts of the body via the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
A tumor that is not considered to be life-threatening.
A tumor that is considered to be life-threatening, esp. if untreated.
A group of diseases caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells; a tumor.
Invasion of tumor cells to surrounding tissues.
- T/F: Cancer comes in countless forms with different causes and prognosis.
- T/F: African American males are at higher than average risk for prostate cancer.
- What carcinogen causes more cancer deaths than all other known carcinogens combined? (ANS:
Cigarette smoking)
- List risk factors for skin cancer. (ANS: light complexion, UV radiation, family history, history of
blistering sunburns)
- List risk factors for breast cancer. (ANS: family history, delayed childbirth and not having children,
Caucasian race, early age at menarche, other hormonal factors)
- Which is the more common cause of death in women, breast cancer or heart disease? (ANS: heart
disease is much more common)
- This is a good thought question from the text (p. 264): A friend of yours, Karen, discovered a small
lump in her breast during a routine self-examination. When she mentions it, you ask if she has seen a
doctor. She tells you that she hasn't had time to schedule an appointment; besides, she says she's not
sure it's really the kind of lump one has to worry about. It's clear to you that Karen is in denial and
procrastinating about seeing doctor. What advice would you give her?
- T/F: Prostate cancer rates have increased dramatically, especially in African-American men.
- T/F: High density lipoproteins are beneficial to cardiac health.
- Match the risk factor for the type of cancer it causes.
Risk factors: African-American race, Caucasian race, exposure to UV sunlight, smoking, low fiber diet
Cancers: skin cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer
- T/F: Not having a child before the age of 30 increases a woman's chance of developing breast cancer.
NOTES
- The epidemiologic transition of the 20th century (increased longevity + decreased
infection +
aging population) has made noninfectious diseases the major
cause of morbidity and mortality
- Major chronic diseases
- Cardiovascular disease (heart disease, stroke, hypertension) - #1 cause of death but incidence decreasing rapidly
(major progress!); pathology, causes,, and prevention will be described by students presenters
- Cancers (neoplasms) - #2 cause of death, rates beginning to decline; there are many kinds of cancer
with different causes, book discusses skin cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer,
and oral cancer; pathology, causes, and prevention differ by cancer type and will be presented by students
- Diabetes = insulin deficiency / defect --> causes many bad outcomes; pathology,
cause, and
prevention will be presented. What do you think causes diabetes? (If you think sugar consumption
causes diabetes, think again.) Pathology, causes, and prevention will be presented by students.
- Chronic lung diseases including COPD and asthma