Chapter 9 REVIEW QUESTIONS & NOTES (INFECTIOUS DISEASE)
[Last update 3/26/04]
Hales, D. (2004). Chapter 9: Protecting Yourself
from Infectious Diseases In An Invitation to Health (3 ed.) (pp. 209 -
238). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
- Matching:
Terms: incubation period, vector, antigen, humoral immunity, pathogen, host
Definitions:
(a) a disease causing agent
(b) proteins (e.g., antibodies) that are part of the host's immune response
(c) a foreign protein that is part of the pathogen
(d) an insect or animal that transmits an agent
(e) the time between when an agent enters the host and first symptoms appear
(f) an infected person or animal
- M/C: Depending on the disease, agents can be transmitted through (a) direct contact (b) animals & insects (c) air
(d) food & water (e) all of the above.
- T/F:Many bacteria living in the body provide benefits.
- T/F:The large majority of STD infections occur in people under the age of 25.
- M/C: The incubation period is the period (a) before exposure to the pathogen, (b) between exposure to the
pathogen and first symptoms, (c) between first symptoms and recovery, (d) after recovery.
- M/C: Protection from infection after the host encounters the pathogen is referred to as: (a) risk reduction (b) immunity (c) recovery
(d) incubation.
- T/F:Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by antibodies.
- How does vaccination work?
- T/F:Approx. 20,000 people die of the flu each year in the United States.
- T/F:College freshman living in the dorms are at increased risk of meningococcal meningitis.
- Provide an example of an emerging infectious disease.
- This is the term used to refer to an infectious disease that has come
back in more virulent or resistant form.
- Why are women at greater risk of urinary tract infections than men?
- What does STD stand for?
- How does HIV differ from AIDS?
- M/C: What is the only sure-fire way to prevent STDS? (a) abstinence (b) monogamy (c) barrier
contraception (d) hormonal contraception.
- M/C: What is the second most effective way to prevent STDS? (a) abstinence (b) monogamy (c) barrier
contraception (d) hormonal contraception.
- T/F:New forms of treatment have been effective in reducing HIV viral loads.
- T/F:There is a period of time after infection when a person with HIV is negative on routine tests but can still transmit the
virus.
- Name the most common form of HIV testing.
- T/F:HIV is rarely spread by heterosexual sexual.
- M/C: How is HIV transmitted? (a) sexual contact (b) casual contact (c) injecting drug users (d) "a" and "c" (e)
"a" "b" and "c"
- According to the text, what is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S.?
- M/C: Which age group is at greatest risk of acquiring STDs? (a) under 25 (b) 25-34 (c) 34-44
(d) 45+
NOTES
- Infectious diseases are caused by living (biological) agents.
- Major classes of infectious agents include worms (e.g., pinworm), fungi & yeast
(e.g., candida),
protozoa (e.g. giardia), bacteria
(e.g., gonorrhea, Lyme disease, streptococcus), viruses (e.g., HIV), and prions
(Mad cow disease).
- Emerging Infx D. = a new agent coming onto the scene (e.g., SARS, HIV)
- Reemerging Infx D. = an old agent coming back in more virulent or resistant form (e.g., TB, Gonorrhea)
- Protection from infectious disease
- Prevention exposure (e.g., abstinence and all STDs, monogamy with known STD-free partner)
- Protection (e.g. barrier contraceptives and HIV)
- Immunity = protection after you are exposed (e.g., vaccination for influenza)
- How active immunity works
- Recognition of foreign protein (foreign proteins = antigens)
- Non-specific physiological responses (e.g., fever,
inflammation, etc.)
- "Learning" of antigen by active immune response
(lymphocytes and primordial cells)
- Memory response (antibodies, specific phagocytes and
-kines)
- Specific diseases mentioned in text: colds, influenza, meningitis, hepatitis, vaginal infections, urinary track infections,
various STDs including chlamydia, gonorrhea, NGU, Syphilis, Herpes, genital warts, pubic lice,
HIV/AIDS
- The difference between HIV and AIDS should be understood (infection = agent
living in body;
disease = symptoms; not all infections are symptomatic)