Chapter 5 REVIEW QUESTIONS  (NUTRITION)

[Last update: 3/4/03]

Hales, D. (2004). Chapter 5: Nutrition for Life in An Invitation to Health (3/e) (pp. 96 - 118). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson.

  1. Define the following terms: serving, portion, vegan, food toxicologist, calorie, lacto-ovo-pesco-vegetarian, lactose intolerance
  2. What is the name of the 1994 act that forced food manufacturers to provide accurate information about fat, calories, and ingredients?
  3. T/F?: Nutrition labels are not allowed to evaluate risks associated with disease.
  4. T/F?: Mediterranean diets are high in rich, high-fat sauces.
  5. M/C: The book discusses cultural food preferences. Which of the following is NOT a correct association? (a) African Americans: black-eyed peas (b) Indian: high-fat sauces (c) Japanese: pickled foods (d) Chinese: stemmed vegetables.
  6. Name two common type of food poisoning in America? [notes]
  7. T/F?: According to the book, approximately 9000 Americans are killed each year by food poisoning.
  8. [M/C]: The primary building blocks of the body needed for growth and maintenance of body cells are: (a) vitamins (b) carbohydrates, (c) amino acids (proteins), (d) fats.
  9. The amount of energy that can be derived from foods is measured in ______________________.
  10. T/F?: Nonorganic foods are produced without commercial chemicals.
  11. M/C: The bottom (base) of the food pyramid is (a) fats, oils, & sweets, (b) milk, yogurt, & cheese, (c) meet, poultry, & fish, (d) breads, cereals, and grains.
  12. M/C: The top (smallest segment) of the food pyramid is: (a) fats, oils, & sweets, (b) milk, yoghurt, & cheese, (c) meet, poultry, & fish, (d) breads, cereals, and grains.
  13. Why is the food pyramid shaped like a pyramid?
  14. What is the smallest section of the food pyramid? . . . the largest?
  15. M/C: All of the following are effective in preventing food poisoning except: (a) thorough cooking of meats and poultry (b) washing of foods (c) proper refrigeration (d) eating raw eggs.
  16. Nutritional labels of percent daily values (% DV) assume a diet of ________________ calories per day. [ANS: 2000 calories]
  17. Vegans need to supplement their diet with this vitamin.
  18. T/F?: Complementary proteins have essential amino acids that fit together to form a protein with all the essential amino acids.
  19. What vegetable contains complementary proteins for beans?
  20. Americans generally have diets that are too high in ______s and too low in complex carbohydrates.

Additional Notes 

    1. The food pyramid is pyramid shaped to encourage people to eat small amounts of oils and sweets and large amounts of complex carbohydrates.
    2. Foods are chemicals. The main chemical elements of food are:
      1. carbohydrates (sugars and starches)
      2. fats (saturated and unsaturated)
      3. proteins (amino acids, 9 of which are essential)
      4. fiber (not digestible)
      5. micro-nutrients (e.g., minerals & vitamins)
    3. Portions and Servings
      1. "Serving" = a specific amount of food (varies depending on who you ask)
      2. "Portion" = the amount of food an individual eats at one time.
      3. "Portion control" is essential for health, esp. as you get older
    4. Government recommendations: DRIs have replaced RDAs. 
    5. Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1994 is easily understood (a good thing) and has cut down on false health claims.
    6. For weight control, the key component is calories. (All else is fad).
    7. Always be on the lookout for fads, quick fixes, and misinformation, even from so-called "credible" sources.
    8. Food, anthropology, and health: let's discuss the Puma Indian diabetes problem.
    9. "Vegetarian" means different things to different people. 
    10. Vegans and vegetarians should supplement their diet with B-12 and to use "complementary protein."
    11. Schlosser, E. (2002). Fast Food Nation. San Francisco: HarperCollins. An entertaining book on how we are "eating ourselves" to death.
    12. The Aim's Test for mutagenicity shows there are naturally occurring mutagens in organic vegetables. 

Additional Questions:

  1. T/F:? The two forms of carbohydrates are sugars and starches.
  2. Of the two, which are healthier: saturated fats or unsaturated fats?
  3. T/F?: An essential amino acid is a protein component that can be synthesized in the body from other food components.
  4. T/F?: There are only 3 essential proteins.
  5. What is the non-digestible component of the diet called? 
  6. T/F?: Micro-nutrients include minerals & vitamins.
  7. T/F?: There is only one real reason for weight gain: eating more calories than you burn.
  8. T/F?: The portions of the American diet are too large!
  9. T/F?: Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1994 has made nutrition easier to understand by the consumer and has cut down on false health claims.
  10. T/F?: Pima Indian have a very high rate of diabetes because their metabolism has evolved over generations to deal with feast and famine situations, yet today they find themselves in environment in which food is always easily obtained. [notes]
  11. T/F?: Plants produce natural mutagens that are as mutagenic (carcinogenic) as chemical pesticides.
  12. T/F?: Dietary fiber prevents colon cancer.