KEY Chapter 10 Review Questions 

1. Trier = "to try" 
2. An experiment assigns the exposure to study subjects. 
3. Clinical Trial - therapeutic intervention administered to individuals. 
   Field Trial - preventive intervention is administered to individuals. 
   Community Trial - therapeutic or preventive intervention administered to aggregates 
4. Randomized = treatment assigned via chance mechanisms. 
   Controlled = treatment group compared to a "non-treated" group. 
   Double-blinded =  study subjects and outcome ascertainers are kept in dark about treatment received
5. Lind's famous study was a non-randomized trial. 
6. Par�s had run out of the standard treatment and was forced to switch to an alternative treatment. Since the assignment of the intervention  was not under his control, the study is actually non-experimental.
7. To provide a meaningful baseline for comparison. 
8. The Hawthorne effect
9. Placebo effect = improvements associated with an inert intervention. 
10. . . . by balancing the groups with respect to potential confounders.
11. Admissibility criteria are criteria used to recruit subjects for study. Restriction of study subjects to population subsets (e.g., age groups) encourages  comparability.
12. Respect for individuals, beneficence, and justice (see Table 10.2, p. 187).
13. Equipoise is "balanced doubt."
14. Informed consent is the ability to give agreement freely in light of the facts and without obligation.
15. IRB stands for institutional review board comprised of outside researchers, clinicians, administrators, and laypeople who oversee that the study is being conducted ethically.
16. Intention to treat analysis considers outcomes in participants that withdraw and whether noncompliant..
17. analyze-as-randomized

Last update: 11/23/2008