The word epidemiology is based on the Greek roots epi, demos, and ology. Define each of these roots.
Compare any two of the definitions of epidemiology found on page 2 of the text.
[Fill in]: The term epidemic can be applied to any disease or health-related condition that occurs in clear ______________ of normal expectancy.
How does epidemiology differ from medicine? How does it differ from public health?
Distinguish between disease, illness, and sickness.
The preamble to the 1948 constitution of the World Health Organization addresses three elements of health and well-being. Name these three elements.
Define these terms: epidemic, pandemic, endemic, morbidity, mortality.
T/F? It is it the responsibility of the epidemiologist to effectively communicate population-based risk estimates.
List Morris's (1957) seven uses of epidemiology.
T/F? According to Morris (1957), epidemiology is the most obvious intellectual basis for the future development of public health.
One of Morris's (1957) general uses of epidemiology is community diagnosis. What does this mean in plain terms?
Which of Morris's uses of epidemiology is most important for the prevention of disease?
Describe the demographic transition of the 20th century.
Describe the epidemiologic transition of the 20th century.
Age-adjusted mortality decreased by about 40% from 1950 to 2000. Which causes of death demonstrated the steepest declines?
Describe the change in the shape of the population pyramid that occurred during the 20th century.
List 3 known modifiable chronic diseases risk factors (p. 7, Table 1.4).
T/F: Age-adjusted cancer mortality increased dramatically during the second half of the twentieth century.
T/F: Age-adjusted cardiovascular mortality rates continue to increase dramatically.
T/F: List these causes of mortality in rank order for the year 1990: cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV, external cause (injury).
T/F: Respiratory cancer is declining in the U.S.
T/F: Life expectancy (at birth) increased by about 30 years during the 20th century.
T/F: All ethnic groups in the U.S. have shown dramatic increases in life expectancy during the 20th century.
List life expectancy in rank order for the following groups: white males, white females, African-American males, African-American females
In what century did epidemiology become established as a unique discipline?
Who is said to have initially freed the study of health and disease from philosophical speculation, superstition, and religion?
List features of scientific work (p. 12).
What design features distinguished Snow's cohort and case-control studies?
What design feature distinguished Snow's ecological and cohort study studies?
Match each of these historical figure with their brief biographical description.
Historical figures: Farr, Fracastoro, Graunt, Louis, Pinel, Pott, Salmon, Snow, Syndenham.
Brief descriptions:
(A) The "English Hippocrates;" catalogued prevalent clinical problems of his day.
(B) Identified soot as the cause of scrotal cancer in 18th century chimney sweeps.
(C) Was the first to use population-based morbidity and mortality data to make statements about the health (circa 1660).
(D) Italian physician who presented the first cogent germ theory of disease (circa 1500)
(E) Led team that discovered first vector-borne transmission of disease agent.
(F) Pioneered humane treatment of mental illness; described prevalence of conditions in his clinic and used follow-up data to compare cure rates.
(G) French physician who studied the effects of bloodletting using "the numerical method;" promoter of "the medicine of observation": students founded medical schools and public health movements in England, Europe, and the U.S.
(H) First Registrar General of a national vital statistics department.
(I) Victorian surgeon who studied the transmission of cholera; best known for convincing authorities to remove the handle from the Broad Street pump.
Key [May not be posted]