(11.1) SESSMOKE: Data come from a survey of smoking in which current smoking is cross-tabulated with socio-economic status Data are:
Socio-Economic Status
1 2 3 4 5
Smokers 17 76 34 32 20
Non-smokers 40 195 88 53 30
Perform a test of independence. Let a = .05. Report all hypothesis testing steps, and interpret your results.
(11.2) BD1.SAV: A study of tobacco consumption and esophageal cancer yields the following results:
TOBACCO
gms/day Cases Controls Total
---------+--------------+------
0-9 | 78 447 | 525
10-19 | 58 178 | 236
20-29 | 33 99 | 132
30+ | 31 51 | 82
---------+--------------+------
Total | 200 775 | 975
Determine whether there is a significant association between tobacco consumption and esophageal cancer.
(11.3) ment-hlt.ZIP: Community health workers at three separate centers (CENTER: 1, 2, 3) collect data in which they classify each client as having one of three problems (PROB: 1 = Social Adjustment Problems, 2 = Problems with Living, 3= Other Problems). Download these data, cross-tabulate them, and then report the percentage of problems by clinic. Perform a chi-squared test of independence to see if the observed differences are significant. Report all hypothesis testing steps.